Razkorak med poklicnim zanimanjem mladih in povpraševanjem na trgu dela

Razkorak med povpraševanjem na trgu dela ter izobrazbo novih iskalcev zaposlitve ne vodi le v strukturno brezposelnost, ampak povzroča tudi slabšo motivacijo za delo in depresijo med mladimi, ki ne najdejo zaposlitve ali pa so prisiljeni sprejeti delo v nasprotju z interesi in pridobljenim poklicem. Da bi lahko bolje usklajevali ponudbo in povpraševanje na trgu dela, bi bilo treba vzpostaviti poklicno svetovanje še v času, ko mladi ljudje šele oblikujejo svoje poklicne preference.

Naslov prispevka: The Gaps between Vocational Interests of Youngsters and Labour Market demands
Avtor: doc. dr. Marija Molan
Vrsta predstavitve: Ustna predstavitev
Strokovno srečanje: 11th Conference of the European Academy of Occupational Health Psychology “Looking at the past - planning for the future: Capitalizing on Occupational Health Psychology Multidisciplinarity”
Kraj in čas srečanja: London (Velika Britanija), 14.-16. april 2014

Povzetek:

Introduction: One of the greatest problems in the EU labour market is the huge gap between labour market demands and vocations of newcomers at the labour market, which in turn is reflected in the structural unemployment. According to previous research, workers less satisfied with their vocational choice report lower levels of well-being. This research therefore sought to compare vocational wishes of youngsters with labour market demands in Slovenia in 2012.

Method: A vocational interests’ questionnaire was composed based on the Holland’s theory of vocational choice. Data on registered unemployed was then collected from the Slovenian employment authority. The sample consisted of pupils (15-18 years old) from selected Slovenian secondary schools (N = 210).

Results:

Results:

  

According to the results, the most popular vocations among pupils, with stable interest from the age of 12 years were:

  • physicians

  • lawyers

  • teachers

  • physics

  • sport trainers

  • architects

  • biologists

  • managers

  • chemists  

The most popular vocation interest areas were:

  • working with people

  • technics

  • management and administration 

The most unpopular vocational interest areas were:

  • informatics

  • food supply

  • commerce

According to data from the unemployment register, unpromising vocations with modest chance to achieve employment at the labour market were: 

  • lawyer

  • teachers

  • sport trainers

  • architects

  • managers

  • physicians

Vocation with good possibilities to get a job were: 

  • information engineers

  • workers in food supply chain

  • technical workers for production 
 
Comparison of obtained data identify gaps between labour market offers and needs. There was only a modest intersection between two groups.

Conclusion: Desired professions are often professions with poor employment possibilities. Youngsters coming into the labour market have two possibilities: to be unemployed or to take a job not related to their interest or chosen profession, which can lead to lower motivation. To prevent future demotivation and depression, in-time vocational counselling should be introduced. To achieve balance between labour market needs and offers, untraditional or less known vocations, pupils should be made aware of such professions early on, when their vocational interests are being developed.